ABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo explore the effects of different treatment methods of "soothing liver， invigorating spleen， soothing liver and invigorating spleen， soothing liver first and then soothing liver and invigorating spleen， as well as invigorating spleen first and then soothing liver and invigorating spleen" on liver depression combined with liver injury in rats and their action mechanisms. MethodA six-week rat model of liver depression combined with liver injury was established by restraint stress and subcutaneous injection of carbon tetrachloride （CCl4， 5.89 g·kg-1， once every three days）. At the same time， the drugs were given by gavage. Forty-eight male SD rats of clean grade were randomly divided into eight groups， namely the normal group， model group， bicyclol （0.2 g·kg-1） group， Sinisan （4.32 g·kg-1） group， Liu Junzitang （9.26 g·kg-1） group， Chaishao Liu Junzitang A （Chai A， soothing liver and invigorating spleen，13.57 g·kg-1） group， Chaishao Liu Junzitang B （Chai B， soothing liver first and then soothing liver and invigorating spleen， 13.57 g·kg-1） group， and Chaishao Liu Junzitang C （Chai C， invigorating spleen first and then soothing liver and invigorating spleen， 13.57 g·kg-1） group， with six rats in each group. The pathological changes in liver and colon tissues of each group were observed under light microscope and electron microscope. The serum biochemical indexes of the liver were detected using an automatic biochemical analyzer. The relative mRNA expression levels of Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5 （TGR5） and intestinal mucosal zona occluden-1 （ZO-1）， Occludin， and Claudin-1 in the liver and colon were detected by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR）. The positive expression rate of proliferating cell nuclear antigen （PCNA） in the colon was detected by immunohistochemistry. ResultCompared with normal group， the model group exhibited significantly elevated serum alkaline phosphatase （ALP）， alanine aminotransferase （ALT）， aspartate aminotransferase （AST）， total bilirubin （TBIL）， and direct bilirubin （DBIL） （P<0.01）， lowered TGR5 mRNA expression in liver tissue， up-regulated TGR5 mRNA expression in the colon tissue （P<0.05，P<0.01）， and down-regulated ZO-1， Occludin， and tight junction protein-1 (Claudin-1) mRNA expression and PCNA in the colon tissue （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， bicyclol and Chai C remarkably decreased the levels of serum ALP， ALT， AST， TBIL， and DBIL （P<0.05，P<0.01）， while Liu Junzitang， Chai A， Chai B， and Chai C significantly up-regulated the TGR5 mRNA expression in the liver and down-regulated its expression in the colon （P<0.01）. Bicyclol， Chai A， Chai B， and Chai C enhanced the ZO-1 and Claudin-1 mRNA expression in the colon （P<0.05，P<0.01）. Bicyclol， Sinisan， and Chai C increased PCNA expression （P<0.01）. The comparison with the Chai C group showed that the TGR5 mRNA expression in the liver and ZO-1 mRNA expression in the colon of the bicyclol and Sinisan groups were lower， whereas the TGR5 mRNA expression in the colon was higher （P<0.01）. However， the PCNA expression in the colon of the Liu Junzitang and Chai B groups declined significantly （P<0.05）. ConclusionIn the presence of liver injury， invigorating spleen first helps to relieve the liver injury， and the efficacy of "spleen-invigorating" therapy in increasing the intestinal mucosal tight junction proteins and improving the gastrointestinal function is related to its activation of TGR5 to improve the intestinal mucosal barrier function， promote the renewal of intestinal stem cells， and drive the regeneration after injury.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To analyze the expression level of minichromosome maintenance protein 6 (MCM6) in colon cancer tissues, the correlation between the expression level of MCM6 and the clinicopathological characteristics of colon cancer patients, and the correlation between MCM6 and PCNA expression.Methods:The expression levels of MCM6 in different tumor tissues were analyzed based on the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database. The expression levels and correlations of MCM6 and PCNA in colon cancer tissues were analyzed based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and immunohistochemical experiments. The correlation between MCM6 expression level and clinical characteristics of colon cancer patients was analyzed. The correlation between MCM6 and PCNA expression in colon cancer was analyzed based on TCGA database and Gene Expression Profile Interaction Analysis (GEPIA) database.Results:Bioinformatics analysis and immunohistochemical results confirmed that MCM6 was highly expressed in colon cancer tissues, and its expression level was correlated with the tumor stage of patients ( P=0.01). In colon cancer, the expression of MCM6 and PCNA was correlated with statistical significance ( P<0.05). Conclusions:MCM6 is highly expressed in colon cancer tissue and is related to the clinical characteristics of patients, suggesting that MCM6 can be used as a potential marker of colon cancer.
ABSTRACT
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a primary cause for liver cancer. And the main challenge of curing hepatitis B is the elimination of the stable covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) of the viral genome. The formation of HBV cccDNA requires the filling of single-stranded region and the ligation of nicks in relaxed circular DNA (rcDNA) strands. Previously, our group reported that proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was involved in the formation of HBV cccDNA. However, the underlying mechanism of the conversion of HBV rcDNA to cccDNA is poorly understood. In the present study, we aim to explore the mechanism by which PCNA contributes to the conversion of HBV rcDNA to cccDNA. Our data showed that PCNA was involved in the process of HBV rcDNA repair. The knockout of PCNA by the CRISPR/Cas9 system remarkably blocked the conversion of HBV rcDNA to cccDNA, while the ectopic expression of PCNA could effectively rescue the event (P<0. 001). Knockout of PCNA significantly slowed down the conversion kinetics of HBV rcDNA to cccDNA (P<0. 01). Mechanically, the DNA binding domain of PCNA was required for the process of HBV rcDNA repair to cccDNA (P<0. 01). Thus, we conclude that PCNA confers the conversion of HBV rcDNA to cccDNA by its DNA binding domain. Clinically, PCNA might serve as a novel target for antiviral therapy.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effects of acupuncture at opposite acupoints on expression of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in rats with skeletal muscle contusion, and to explore the mechanism of acupuncture at opposite acupoints on skeletal muscle contusion.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty-four Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into a blank group (6 rats), a model group (24 rats) and an opposing needling group (24 rats). The model group and opposing needling group were further divided into 1-day subgroup, 3-day subgroup, 5-day subgroup and 7-day subgroup, 6 rats in each one. No intervention was given in the blank group, while the model of skeletal muscle contusion was established in the model group and opposing needling group by self-made contusion device. 24 hours after contusion, electroacupuncture (EA) was applied at "Zusanli" (ST 36) and the corresponding points ofpoints at health side for 15 min, once a day. The subgroups of opposing needling group were treated for 1 day, 3 days, 5 days and 7 days, respectively. No treatment was given in the model group. Samples were collected in the subgroups 1 day, 3 days, 5 days and 7 days after treatment. The morphological change of injured gastrocnemius muscle was observed by using microscope after HE staining. The positive cell rate of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was detected by immunohistochemistry. The expression levels of HGF protein and PCNA protein were observed by Western blot.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>① The results of HE staining showed that, 1 day after contusion, the inflammatory cells of gastrocnemius muscle in the opposing needling group were less than those in the model group; 3 days and 5 days after contusion, myoblasts and myotubes in the opposing needling group were more than those in the model group; 7 days after contusion, the neonatal muscle cells in the opposing needling group were more than those in the model group. ② The results of immunohistochemistry showed that, 1 day, 3 days and 5 days after contusion, the positive cell rate of PCNA in the opposing needling group was significantly higher than that in the model group (all<0.001); 7 days after contusion, the positive cell rate of PCNA in the opposing needling group was significantly less than that in the model group (<0.001). ③ The results of Western blot showed that, 1 day, 3 days and 5 days after contusion, the expression of HGF protein and PCNA protein in the opposing needling group was significantly higher than that in the model group (all<0.05); 7 days after contusion, the expression of HGF protein and PCNA protein in the opposing needling group was significantly lower than that in the model group (all<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Acupuncture at opposite acupoints could regulate the expression of HGF and promote the activation, proliferation, migration and differentiation of muscle satellite cells in rats with skeletal muscle contusion, which could speed up the process of skeletal muscle injury repair.</p>
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To dynamically observe the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) on repair of gastric mucosal lesion in rats with gastric ulcer, and to explore the time-effect relationship and molecular mechanism of EA for gastric ulcer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 72 SD rats were randomly assigned to a normal group, a model group, a acupoint group and a sham acupoint group, and each group were further divided into a 1-day subgroup, a 4-day subgroup and a 7-day subgroup, 6 rats in each subgroup. The rat model of gastric ulcer was established by using intragastric administration of ethyl alcohol. The rats in the acupoint group were treated with EA at"Zusanli"(ST 36) and"Liangmen"(ST 21); the rats in the sham acupoint group were treated with EA at points 5 mm next to"Zusanli"(ST 36) and"Liangmen"(ST 21); the EA was given 30 min per treatment, once a day. The rats in the normal group and model group were treated with immobilization for 30 min per day, and no EA was given. PR-PCR method was applied to test the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and substance P (SP); Western blot method was applied to test the expression of neurotensin (NT).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After 1-day treatment, the ulcer index in the model group was higher than that in the normal group (<0.01), and the expression of PCNA, SP and NT was decreased (<0.01, <0.05); compared with the model group and sham acupoint group, the ulcer index was decreased in the acupoint group (both <0.05), and the expression of PCNA and SP was up-regulated (all <0.05) while that of NT was up-regulated (both <0.01). After 4-day treatment, the ulcer index in the model group was reduced but still higher than that in the normal group (<0.05), and the expression of PCNA, SP and NT was up-regulated and higher than that in the normal group (all <0.01); the ulcer index in the acupoint group was similar to that in the normal group (>0.05), and the expression of PCNA and SP was lower than that in the model group (<0.01, <0.05), and the expression of NT was not significantly different from that in the model group (>0.05). After 7-day treatment, the differences of indexes above were not significant among the four groups (all >0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>EA at acupoints of stomach meridian has two-way regulation on PCNA and SP and improve the expression of NT in different pathological state of gastric ulcer, which could further improve the repair of gastric ulcer.</p>
ABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to evaluate the histopathologic and immunohistochemical effects of propineb on rat nasal mucosa. Twenty adult Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 180220 g, were used as experimental animals. The rats were divided into propineb and control groups. The control group received distilled water with spray at the same time period. The experiment was terminated after three weeks. In each case, sections of the nosewere taken. In experimental group, microscopic examination of nasal respiratory mucosa revealed that degenerative changes in epithelium were observed in sections of propineb-treated group. There were also leukocyte infiltration and vascular dilatation detected in the connective tissue.We detected CD34-immunoreactive mononuclear cells and endothel cells in the lamina propria of propineb group. In propineb group compared to the control group, the respiratory epithelium, goblet and basal cell nuclei were stained positive for PCNA. Propineb inhalation may be irritating to the nasal mucosa.
El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los efecto histopatológicos e inmunohistoquímicos del Propineb en la mucosa nasal de 20 ratas Sprague-Dawley adultas con un peso de 180-220 g, las que fueron utilizadas como animales de experimentación. Las ratas se dividieron en grupos Propineb y Control. El grupo control recibió agua destilada en aerosol nasal en el mismo período de tiempo que el grupo Propineb. El experimento duró tres semanas. Posteriormente, en cada caso se tomaron muestras de la mucosa nasal. En el grupo experimental, tratado con Propineb, el examen microscópico de la mucosa respiratoria nasal reveló cambios degenerativos en el epitelio. Se detectó también infiltración de leucocitos y dilatación vascular en el tejido conectivo, junto con células mononucleares CD34 inmunorreactiva y células endoteliales en la lámina propia. En el grupo Propineb, en comparación con el grupo control, los núcleos de la porción respiratoria, las células caliciformes y basales resultaron positivas a la tinción del antígeno nuclear de proliferación celular (PCNA). La inhalación de Propineb puede ser un irritante para la mucosa nasal.
Subject(s)
Nasal Mucosa/drug effects , Nasal Mucosa/pathology , Zineb/analogs & derivatives , Zineb/toxicity , Antigens, CD34 , Immunohistochemistry , Nasal Mucosa/ultrastructure , Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen , Rats, Sprague-DawleyABSTRACT
The purpose of this study, ischemia reperfusion injury in rats, Potentilla fulgens is to investigate the protective effects. Wistar albino rats (n= 30) weighing 180-220 g were used in the experiment. Group 1 animals underwent sham laparotomy without ischemia-reperfusion injury. Group 2 animals underwent laparotomy and occlusion of superior mesenteric arteries for 30 min followed by 20 min of reperfusion without pretreatment. The Potentilla fulgens group received 400 mg/kg/day Potentilla fulgens intraperitoneally 5 days before Ischemia-reperfusion injury. There was a significant difference between the group with ischemia-reperfusion group Potentilla fulgens (p<0.0001). In statistical analysis of the MDA level, data were obtained after a respective measurement in all groups. Potentilla fulgens group with ischemia-reperfusion group was a significant decrease in MDA (p<0.001). In the period after ischemia-reperfusion, marked PCNA immunoreactivities were observed in the nuclei of crypt and villus cell. In ischemia reperfusion group, the number of PCNA immunoreactivity is quite advanced and they extended throughout the middle part of the intestine folds. The number of TUNEL-positive nuclei were also developed. In ischemia-reperfusion plus P. fulgens group, the intestinal epithelium with only a few PCNA immunoreactive nuclei. TUNEL positive nuclei were noted in the gut lumen and mucosal close differentiated goblet cells. We showed that Potentilla fulgens extract significantly prevented mucosal lesions caused by intestinal ischemia-reperfusion.
El objetivo fue investigar los efectos protectores de Potentilla fulgens sobre la lesión por isquemia-reperfusión en ratas albinas Wistar (n= 30) con un peso de 180 g. En el grupo 1, los animales fueron sometidos a laparotomía simulada sin lesión por isquemia-reperfusión. En el Grupo 2, los animales fueron sometidos a laparotomía y oclusión de las arteria mesentérica superior durante 30 min seguido de 20 min de reperfusión sin pretratamiento. El grupo Potentilla fulgens recibió 400 mg/kg/día de P. fulgens por vía intraperitoneal 5 días antes de la lesión por isquemia-reperfusión. Hubo diferencias significativas entre el grupo de grupo con isquemia-reperfusión y el tratado con Potentilla fulgens (p<0,0001). En el análisis estadístico del nivel de malondialdehído (MDA), los datos se obtuvieron después de una medición respectiva en todos los grupos. Los grupos Potentilla fulgens y con isquemia-reperfusión tuvieron una disminución significativade MDA (p<0,0001). En el periodo después de la isquemia-reperfusión, se observó inmunorreactividad del marcador PCNA en los núcleos de las células de las criptas y vellosidades. En el grupo de isquemia-reperfusión, la inmunoreactividad a PCNA fue bastante avanzada y se extendió a lo largo de la parte media de los plieges intestinales. También aumentó el número de núcleos positivos a TUNEL. En el grupo isquemia-reperfusión tratado con P. fulgens, el epitelio intestinal mostró pocos núcleos inmunorreactivos a PCNA; núcleos positivos a TUNEL se observaron en el lumen intestinal y la mucosa, cerca de las células caliciformes diferenciadas. Demostramos que el extracto de P. fulgens disminuye significativamente lesiones de la mucosa intestinal causadas por la isquemia-reperfusión.
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Intestines/drug effects , Ischemia/drug therapy , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Potentilla/chemistry , Reperfusion Injury/drug therapy , Disease Models, Animal , In Situ Nick-End Labeling , Intestines/blood supply , Intestines/pathology , Ischemia/pathology , Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen , Rats, Wistar , Reperfusion Injury/pathologyABSTRACT
Aim To explore the changes of Apelin/APJ system in LPS-induced injury of rat pulmonary mi-crovascular endothelial cells( PMVECs) , and the effect and mechanism of Apelin. Methods PMVECs were cultured with the explant technique, and the identifica-tion of rat PMVECs was carried out by immunocyto-chemical staining of factorⅧrelated antigen. MTT as-say was used to evaluate the viability of PMVECs. The mRNA expression of Apelin and APJ was detected by RT-PCR. The protein expression of PCNA and the phosphorylation of Akt was analyzed by Western blot. Results The mRNA expression of Apelin and APJ showed a compensatory increase after LPS treatment for a short period of time ( P<0. 01 ) , but with the exten-sion of time, which was significantly inhibited, even lower than the control group ( P<0. 05 or P<0. 01 ) , suggesting that Apelin/ APJ system might be involved in LPS-induced PMVECs injury. MTT results showed that 10 -6 ~10 -9 mol · L-1 Apelin obviously promoted the proliferation of rat PMVECs ( P <0. 05 or P <0. 01 ) , and with certain concentration and time de-pendence. Moreover, Apelin also improved the LPS-induced PMVECs injury in different degrees ( P<0. 05 or P < 0. 01 ) . In addition, Western blot analysis showed that Apelin significantly reversed the decrease of the protein expression of PCNA and the Akt phos-phorylation level induced by LPS ( P <0. 05 or P <0. 01 ) . Conclusions The Apelin/APJ system is in-volved in LPS-induced PMVECs injury. Apelin plays an important role in protecting the pulmonary microvas-cular endothelial function and reversing the LPS-in-duced PMVECs injury, which might be related to the activation of Akt phosphorylation pathway.
ABSTRACT
Objective To study the effects of Liang-Xue-Yu-Chang decoction on intestinal epithelium of rats with radiation enteritis.Methods Sixty male SD rats were divided into three groups randomly:normal rats as control,abdominal radiation control group given distilled water after 10 Gy radiation,and abdominal radiation plus drug group given Liang-Xue-Yu-Chang decoction after 10 Gy radiation.Drugs or distilled water were chronically administered to animals for 7 days.After that,5-bromodexyridine (BrdU) was injected into abdominal cavity,SP immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate intestinal epithelium proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and the positive cells labeled with Ki67 and BrdU.Results The number of intestinal epithelium cells with PCNA expression,positive Ki67 and BrdU were 22.0 + 2.7,71.2 + 5.7,and 26.2 + 5.9 respectively in the drug treatment group,significantly higher than those in the abdominal radiation control group (11.2 + 1.9,61.6 ± 5.5,and 11.3 ± 2.2) (t =14.629,5.420,11.582,P ＜ 0.05),but lower than those in the normal control group (30.4±5.7,86.6 ±5.1,and 32.3 ±3.2)(t =14.291,9.004,4.731,P＜0.05).Conclusion Liang-Xue-Yu-Chang decoction could improve the proliferation of intestinal epithelium in the rats with radiation enteritis.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To identify the repopulation in metastatic Lewis lung adenocarcinoma during 5-Fu chemotherapy and observe the inhibition of polypeptide extract from scorpion venom (PESV) on the repopulation. Methods: To make repopulation model, Lewis cells were iv injected into caudal vein of C57BL/6 mice, the mice were ip injected by 5-Fu once every 7 d since day 7 and intervened by ig administration of PESV. Groups were treated differently. Six mice were sacrificed every 7 d, with counting metastatic foci in lung and detecting the level of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and microvessel dentity (MVD) expression in Lewis lung metastatic loci by using immunohistochemistry. Results: In model groups, from day 21 to day 28 the numbers of metastatic big loci increased 2.5 averagely, while from day 14 to day 21 increased 0.8 only; The weight of lung from day 21 to day 28 increased more than that from day 14 to day 21; The expression of PCNA was the lowest in day 21, the highest in day 28, and there was no significant difference between day 28 and day 14; The expression in both high- and low-dose PESV groups in day 28 was lower than that in model group. There was a significant effect in high-dose PESV group. In model group the expression of VEGF in day 28 was upregulated significantly (P<0.01 vs that in model group in day 21). Compared with model group, VEGF expression in high-dose PESV group in day 21 and day 28 was downregulated, especially in day 28 (P<0.01). In low-dose PESV group only in day 28 the difference was found (P<0.05 vs that in model group); The change of MVD was the same as PCNA. The expression was the lowest in day 21, the highest in day 28, and there was no significant difference between day 28 and day 14. While in high-dose PESV group, the number of MVD in day 14 was more than that in day 21, and in day 21 more than in day 28, there were significant differences. In low-dose PESV group, in day 14 more than in day 21, but no significant difference was found between day 21 and day 28. Conclusion: The phenomenon of repopulation acceleration is found in Lewis lung adenocarcinoma during 5-Fu treatment and PESV could inhibit the repopulation through anti-angiogenesis which may be one of the mechanisms of inhibiting tumor cell repopulation.
ABSTRACT
@#Objective To investigate the proliferative activities and significance of Hodgkin's disease cells which were transfected with mtr Ⅱ gene. Methods The ki67 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression in Hodgkin's disease cells transfected with mtr Ⅱ gene were determined with immunohistochemistry. Results The ki67 and PCNA expression in cells transfected with mtr Ⅱ gene was more than that of cells without mtrⅡ gene transfected (P<0.05). Conclusion The proliferative activities of Hodgkin's disease cells transfected with mtr Ⅱ gene increased obviously, which may be related to the progress of Hodgkin's disease.
ABSTRACT
To observe the effects of Danshen on the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma in the SD rats, a model of malignant obstructive jaundice was established by inoculation of transplanted tumor into the hepatic portal with the walker-256 hepatocarcine line, which resulted in the obstruction by the infiltration and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma. SD rats were divided into 4 groups: the rats were treated by 0.9 % NS (n=24, control group), inosine+vitamin C (n=40, InV group), Danshen (n=40, DS group) and 5-FU (n=40, 5-FU group), respectively. The liver function, morphological changes and the expressions of PCNA, VEGF and ICAM-1 in carcinoma foci, peri-carcinoma tissues,adjacent lobe (left-internal lobe) and lung tissues were observed after the treatment with the 4 agents.Our results showed that the protective effect of Danshen on liver function was significantly better than that of NS and 5-FU (P＜0.01). No significant difference in protective effect was observed between DS group and InV group (P＞0.05). Danshen also provided protective effect on the morphological damage of liver caused by obstructive jaundice. The rates of carcinoma-inhibition and metastasis inhibition were significantly higher than those of NS and inosine+vitamin C (P＜0.01). No significant difference in this regard existed between DS group and 5-FU group (P＞0.05). The expressions of PCNA,VEGF and ICAM-1 PCNA, VEGF and ICAM-1 in carcinoma foci, peri-carcinoma tissues, adjacent lobe (left-internal lobe) and lung tissues were lower than those in control group and InV group, with the differences being significant (P＜0.01). No significant differences were found between DS group and 5-FU group in the expression levels of PCNA and VEGF (P＞0.05) but ICAM-1 (P＜0.05). It is concluded that Danshen injection not only has protective effects on liver injury caused by obstructive jaundice, but can inhibit the proliferation and growth of hepatocarcinoma,interfere with the vascularization of tumors, prevent recurrence and metastasis of hepatocarcineoma.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To study the influence of the Ewi-anticarcinogen Prescription on associated gene protein in process of rat hepatocarcinoma induced by diethylnitrosamine (DEN). Methods: Rats hepatocarcinoma model was induced by DEN, while the Eqi-anticarcinogen Prescription was used during the stage. At the end of 12th week and 16th week, the influence of the Eqi-anticarcinogen Prescription on positive expression of PCNA and p53 protein were examined by immuneohistochemical method. Results: The positive expression of p53 protein was occurred in precancerous hyperp lastic nodules; The Eqi-anticarcinogen Prescription can significantly inhibit the overexpression of p53 (P
ABSTRACT
Objective:To explore the correlation of ER expression to the activity of cell proliferation and clinicopathology in brain tumors(astrocytomas,ependynomas,and medulloblastomas).Methods:The expression of ER and proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA) were determined by SP immunohistochemical method in 64 cases of brain tumors tissues.Correlation ER expression with chinicopathological characteristics was studied.Results:The positive rates of ER expression in astrocytomas,ependynomas,and medulloblastomas were 39.47%(15/38),35.71%(5/14) and 41.60%(5/12) respectively.Maliganat astrocytomas(42.8%) had a significantly higher ER expression rate compared with Benign astrocytomas(33.3%)(P
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Nasal polyposis is a chronic inflammatory disease with structural modification of the mucosal epithelium and the lamina propria. In one of recent studies related to the lamina propria, the myofibroblast, which is a potent inducer of extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis, was found to increase the pedicle area of the nasal polyp. In this study, we intended to quantify epithelial cell proliferation of the polyp. We also tried to identify the active area of epithelial proliferation within nasal polyp and to compare it with the active area of ECM synthesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: During the endoscopic surgery of nasal polyposis patients, anatomically intact polyp, uncinate process, inferior turbinate and middle turbinate were sampled. The normal nasal mucosa of the inferior turbinate and the septum were obtained from patients who underwent septoplasty. The proliferation cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression in the samples were quantified by immunohistochemistry. The PCNA index of the two groups were compared. RESULTS: Epithelial proliferation of the nasal polyp was found to be more active than the normal nasal mucosa. The active area of epithelial proliferation within the nasal polyp was the body area. CONCLUSION: The active area of epithelial proliferation was different from the pedicle area, which is the active area of ECM production.
Subject(s)
Humans , Epithelial Cells , Epithelium , Extracellular Matrix , Immunohistochemistry , Mucous Membrane , Myofibroblasts , Nasal Mucosa , Nasal Polyps , Polyps , Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen , TurbinatesABSTRACT
Retinoic acid plays an important role in embryogenesis, by regulating morphogenesis, cell proliferation, differentiation, and extracellular matrix production. Also retinoic acid is a potent teratogen and induces a variety of limb and craniofacial malformations including cleft palate, that is the most common congenital malformation. Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) and fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) are an important role in the secondary induction for the epithelial-mesenchymal transformation during development. Mutations in them, produce a congenital malformation in the skeletal system and the craniofacial tissue. It was of interest to explore the hypothesis of an inhibitory effect exerted by retinoic acid on the cell proliferating activity and the expression of FGF2 and FGFR2 in the developing palate in vivo. In the present study, author observed the expression of PCNA as a marker for the cell proliferating activity, FGF2 and FGFR2 to compare with developmental stages and locations in normal and retinoic acid-induced cleft palate. Retinoic acid was administered orally at gestational day (GD) 10 to ICR mice. The pregnant mice were sacrificed on GD 12, 13, 14, 15 to obtain the fetuses. Scanning electron microscope and immunohistochemistry was performed. In the retinoic acid-treated fetuses, palatal shelves did not elevate and cleft palate was induced. On GD 12, 13 in the palatal mesenchyme of the retinoic acid treated-fetuses, expression of the PCNA decreased. On GD 12 in the palatal epithelium of the retinoic acid-treated fetuses, expression of FGFR2 decreased, but after GD 13, the patterns of expression of FGFR2 were not affected. On GD 12, 13 in the palatal epithelium and mesenchyme of the retinoic acid-treated fetuses, expression of FGF2 decreased dramatically, but after GD 14, it was similar to that in the normal fetal palate. These results suggest that retinoic acid inhibits the cell proliferating activity and the expression of FGF2, FGFR2 in the palatal mesenchyme on GD 12, 13, which is critical in the developing palate, and elevation of palatal shelves is delayed and impaired. Moreover, it seems that retinoic acid inhibits the epithelial-mesenchymal transformation of epithelium. Finally, cleft palate is induced.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Mice , Pregnancy , Cell Proliferation , Cleft Palate , Embryonic Development , Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition , Epithelium , Extracellular Matrix , Extremities , Fetus , Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 , Fibroblast Growth Factors , Fibroblasts , Immunohistochemistry , Mesoderm , Mice, Inbred ICR , Morphogenesis , Palate , Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen , Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2 , TretinoinABSTRACT
To detect the effects of adrenaline and dexamethasone on proliferation of the lens epithelial cells and discuss the mechanism, the central area 5～7mm in diameter of the anterior capsule was obtained in cataract surgery (phacoemulsification, Phaco), and the specimens were divided into three parts, and were cultured in vitro and treated with 10 -6 mol/L adrenaline and dexamethasone for 48 hours. And then the positive area ratio of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in immunohistochemistry was estimated by medical color image analysis. The data were analyzed with the statistical software. The results indicated that the 10 -6 mol/L adrenaline and dexamethasone had obvious inhibition on LEC proliferation. The positive area ratio of PCNA was (2 614?0 922)%( t =5 594, P =0 0000) and (3 338?0 838)%( t =3 361, P =0 0013). It is suggested that adrenaline and dexamethasone could inhibit the proliferation of LEC and could be used to treat PCO after cataract surgery. The experiments provide the scientific basis for selection of drugs to prevent PCO after cataract.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To study the expression of the proliferating c el l nuclear antigen (PCNA) and cell nuclear area in the different layers of oral d ysplasia epithelium. Methods: S-P immunohistochemical method an d morphometric technique(computer image measurement method) were used to examine the PCNA and cell nuclear area in the different layers of the normal oral epith elium(NOR) in 8 cases and abnormal oral epithelium in 46 cases including mild d ysplasia(LD), moderate dysplasia(MD), severe dysplasia(SD) and well-differentia ted squamous cell carcinoma(SCC). Results: The positive PCNA sta ining cells in normal epithelium was found mainly in the basal layer. The prolif erating index(PI) in the whole layer of abnormal oral epithelium were increased (P05). PI in the basal la yer of abnormal epithelium was higher than in NOR (P0.05). PI in the spi nosum layer and superficial layer (granulosum and lucidum layer) increased with the development of the lesions, The cell nuclear area in the basal and spinosum layer of the abnormal epithelium increased(P
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Inverted papilloma is a rare benign tumor of nasal epithelium associated with high recurrence rate and malignant potential. Its etiology is still uncertain, and the mechanism of proliferation has not yet been fully described. Among the various approaches for evaluating the proliferation activity, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) has been introduced as another marker of cellular proliferation. The purpose of this study was to detect the quantify and compare cell proliferation in the human inverted papilloma, maxillary carcinoma, nasal polyp and hypertrophic turbinate mucosa, and to analyze the relationship between PCNA expression and clinicopathologic findings in human inverted papilloma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The samples were obtained after surgical removal from 29 patients with inverted papilloma, 5 patients with maxillary squamous cell carcinoma, 15 patients with nasal polyp, and 10 patients with hypertrophic turbinate. The cell proliferation was assessed by immunohistochemical identification of the PCNA. RESULTS: The cell proliferation was significantly higher in the inverted papilloma and maxillary carcinoma than in the nasal polyp and hypertrophic turbinate. The cell proliferation in the inverted papilloma was greater when it was associated with dysplasia. CONCLUSION: The increased epithelial cell proliferation seems to be involved in the development of the inverted papilloma, and the high PCNA expression in the inverted papilloma may serve as a useful indicator to predict the malignant transformation.
Subject(s)
Humans , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell , Cell Proliferation , Epithelial Cells , Mucous Membrane , Nasal Mucosa , Nasal Polyps , Papilloma, Inverted , Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen , Recurrence , TurbinatesABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Sinonasal inverted papillomas are benign but topographically aggressive neoplasms that have a high recurrence rate and seem to be associated with malignancy. The etiology of inverted papilloma remains unknown, but some hypotheses suggest that nasal polyps proliferation and chronic inflammation are due to allergy or various infectious lesions. This study was to elucidate the biological characteristics and the role of human papillomavirus (HPV) and Ebstein -Barr virus (EBV) and the expression of p53 protein and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in sinonasal inverted papillomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We examined 26 specimens from 26 individuals with normal nasal mucosae (n=10) and inverted papillomas (n=16) to determine the occurance of HPV and EBV infection and the expression of p53 protein and PCNA. RESULTS: Of the 16 Inverted papillomas, HPV DNA was detected in eight cases, HPV 18 was detected in two cases (18%), HPV 16 and HPV 33 were both found in every case (6%), HPV 6 and HPV 16 were coinfected in one case (6%), and other types were found in 3 cases. HPV DNA was not detected in the normal nasal mucosae. EBV DNA was detected in 10 cases (62%) out of 16 inverted papillomas ancl in two cases (20%) of 10 normal nasal mocosae. The altered p53 protein expression was observed in four cases (25%), and positive PCNA staining was detected in four cases (25%) out of 16 inverted papillomas. One positive PCNA staining was detected among 10 normal mucosae. The mean PC10 index was 16.0% in the inverted papillomas group and 4.1% in normal nasal mucosae group. CONCLUSION: An inverse correlation may exist between oncogenic HPV infection and p53 alteration in sinonasa1 inverted papillomas.